Apu fire detection a singleloop fire detection system is in the apu compartment. Their location, together with their small size, increases the chance of damage to the sensing elements during maintenance. Overheat detection equipment professional pilot magazine. Jan 18, 2017 airline transport pilot licence training cbt videos next lesson. The thermistor, which is a resistor, is temperature dependent. The detector elements of the fire or overheatdetection system are configured to form two redundant loops, with each detector loop monitored by a separate control card or a controller. Signals from the detectors are processed through an automatic fire andoverheatlogicandtest system to generate flightdeck displays and aural warnings to. Questions on fire and smoke detection system the airline pilots.
Failure of both loops in one engine will illuminate the fault light. Any indication of fire in a landing gear bay needs to be taken very seriously. Continuous loop detector, or sensing system, permits more complete coverage of a fire hazard area. Control unit loop detection is controlled through lhrh, eng and jet switches on the fire detection panel. A fire detection card in the system card file monitors the loops for fires, overheat conditions, and faults. As industry leaders in the development, testing and manufacturing of fire protection systems, millions of lives depend on our reliable, low maintenance products to easily integrate with existing systems. Discusses thermal based fire and overheat detection systems, optical fire detection systems, and smoke detection systems. Some old aircraft designs, for example fokker 100, did not have the suppression system installed in the cargo compartment, this means, neither has fire detection nor fire extinguishing, but to comply with new requirements from faaeasaanac and others, the operators of fokker 100 had to embody the suppression system. If one detection loop fails, the card sends data about the failure to the aims, and a status message shows.
These systems are designed to provide an aural and visual indication to the flight crew in the early, smoldering phase of a fire prior to it breaking out into a large fire. So if you retract your gear and one of your wheels or brakes catches fire, how does the loop detect it. This predicates high reliability and rapid response time as critical requirements in fire alarm panels. Typical zones on aircraft that have a fixed fire detection andor fire extinguisher system are. Spot detector systems use individual sensors to monitor a fire zone. These areas include baggage compartments, lavatories, apu, combustion heater installations, and other hazardous areas.
With a 50year history in fire detection technology we can provide the right solution for your application including. Lindberg fire detection system termwiki, millions of. Most aircraft use a redundant continuous fire detection cfd loop based on sensing elements connected in series to a control unit. Three detector system types use in aircraft are the thermal switch, thermocouple, and the continuous loop. These systems work by measuring pressure of hydrogen and helium that exists in a capillary tube that can. In normal operation, both detection loops must detect a fire or overheat condition before a fire warning is generated. Early detection of fires can prevent major catastrophes protecting valuable assets and saving lives. Engine fire detection system for civil aircraft analysis j. Aug 02, 2012 a simple and short video explaining the aircraft engine fire protection system.
Both loops of a system must sense fire in order for a fire alarm to be given. Lindberg fire detection system termwiki, millions of terms. A thermistor is an electrical insulator at normal temperature, but becomes a conductor when heated. Class b, c, and e cargo compartments have smoke detection systems that provide active fire protection. Aircraft fire detection system should signal the presence of a fire. Continuous fire and overheat detection systems for industry. Aircraft fire detection spot fire detection systems. A type of aircraft fire detection system that detects either a fire or a general overheat condition. Single or dual two detectors in one loop smoke detection systems. Continuous loop type detectors aircraft maintenance. Cargo smoke detection the lower cargo compartment smoke detection system is designed to detect and provide aural and visual annunciation to the flight crew of a smoke andor fire condition in either lower deck cargo compartment. There are four different designs for fire detection units. A number of detectors or sensing devices are available. Boeing 777 aircraft fire detection and extinguishing system.
In designing an airplanes fire protection systems, boeing uses the principles of. On the inside of the metal sheath, there are two wires that are separated by an insulating material. Fire detector typs aircraft maintenance engineeringmechanical. In this case, should an open circuit occur, the system will still signal fire or overheat. Engine fire protection has two components, detection and extinguishing engine fire detection. Detection is achieved by means of linear pneumatic sensing systems, often referred to as fire loops, which are gas filled. Continuous loop systems are typically installed on transport type aircraft and provide more complete fire detection coverage by using several loop type of sensors. Initiating device circuits, notification appliance circuits, and signaling line circuits shall be permitted to be designated as either. What is a wing loop fault on an a320 series aircraft. Typically, modern bizjets have a dual loop fire detection system that is set to alarm based on a given temperature limit.
Meggitt fire detector systems are fitted on a large majority of commercial aircraft including airbus, boeing, bombardier, dassault and learjet programmes. Some systems use 115v ac and 28v dc, other systems use 28v dc only. Aircraft fire protection systems flashcards quizlet. This dual sensor simulator features the two predominant systems in the aerospace industry. In the test mode, detection loop is earthed out warning signal is generated. This overheat detection loop controller is a portable egse qualified on all airbus family. Feb 05, 2012 switches operating at different temperature settings may look identical but, when doing maintenance or replacing the switches its vital to identify by part number in the illustrated parts catalogue ipc. Engine fire detection systems part one in engine fire protection systems. If the temperature in the vicinity of the sensing element rises, the electrical resistance of the core. When the fire has been extinguished or the critical temperature lowered, the fenwal cfd system automatically returns to standby alert, ready to detect any subsequent fire or overheat condition.
Engine fire detection systems part two flight mechanic. Automatic systems can detect aircraft fires or potential ignition which might not be apparent to the crew until they have developed to an extent. Aircraft fire detection and suppression systems are dc powered. Over 90% of western commercial aircraft are equipped with our failsafe fire and overheat detectors. Dear colleagues i have a question regarding my curret aircraft the crj200. In order to receive faa approval, these systems must demonstrate superior detection performance and have the proven ruggedness to survive in the harsh thermal and vibrational environment of modern aircraft. Fire extinguishing and detection systems in general. Which of the following are fire precautions which must be observed when working on an oxygen system. Department of transportation federal aviation administration 800 independence avenue, sw washington, dc 20591 866 tellfaa 866 8355322. The integrity of the continuous loop fire detection system may be tested by actuating a test switch in the flight deck, which switches one end of the sensing element loop from its control circuit to a test circuit, built into the control unit, that simulates the sensing element resistance change due to fire. Hence, it is natural for customers to demand reliable, rugged and maintenancefree fire alarm panels. In the case of a fire it may be prudent for the landing gear to be selected down and remain down for the remainder of the flight.
The fire detection card monitors the loops for faults. Thermocouple fire warning system operating principle. The charging unit charges the central electrode for a set length of time then discharges it into the measuring unit. Aerocon engineering aircraft cargo compartment fire. Ac 259a smoke detection, penetration, and evacuation.
Fire extinguishing and detection systems in general aviation. Journal of xian aeronautical technology college, 2003, 2. Fire detector sensing elements are located in many high activity areas around aircraft engines. Aircraft cargo compartment fire protection aerocon. Apr 18, 2020 overheat fire protection panel 200c series. Aircraft fire suppression system fps system overview. The typical aae dual loop smoke detection system uses our dual channel smoke detectors in combination with our control. The fenwal cfd system maybe wired to employ a loop circuit. Different types of fire detection system are available to detect aircraft engine fires.
Fire detector sensing elements are located in many highactivity areas around aircraft engines. The typical aae dual loop smoke detection system uses our dual channel smoke detectors in combination with. Depending on the material the object is made of, this echo is stronger or weaker, but there is an echo. There are many different fire detection systems but the vast majority of commercial jets use pneumatic fire detection systems in the nacelle. Engine fire detection systems and fire zones aircraft. Signals from the detectors are processed through an automatic fireandoverheatlogicandtest system to generate flightdeck displays and aural warnings to. Parts of the energy of radio waves are being reflected by objects. Trade studies for these types of detection systems are offered as they apply to engine power plant applications and cargo compartment applications.
Count on the detection and extinguishing method balanced and optimised for the respective aircraft type with proven quality in over 100,000 cases. Our advanced fire detection and suppression systems protect aircraft, cargo bays, crew bays, occupied spaces and more in extreme environments. Normally both loops must see are fire before you get a warning. If the temperature rises above a set value, indicate a fire or overheat condition. What are 2 types of fire detection system use in aircrafts. Available for dc9, md80, md90, 727, 737, and many other aircraft. The individual loops can be checked by selecting a or b on the ovht det switches. The plant consists of 1,000 square feet, on twentytwo acres, and is wholly company owned.
On an aircraft provided with resistance and capacitance variation type fire detection loops, a fire alarm is initiated by a temperature increase. Systems used for aircraft detection aircraft wiki fandom. Detection is achieved by means of linear pneumatic sensing systems, often referred to as fire loops, which are gas filled pipes routed around potentially abnormal heat sources. In normal dual loop operation, both loops must have a fire or overheat condition to cause the flight deck indications. A type of fire detection system which uses two conductors, separated by a thermistor material, formed into a continuous loop that surrounds the area being protected. Introduction the aircraft fire protection system consists of the. Apu fire detection a single loop fire detection system is in the apu compartment. The inner wire and the tube form an inner and outer electrode and are connected to the aircraft power supply through a control unit. If the temperature in the vicinity of the sensing element rises, the. Dec 11, 2005 on an aircraft provided with resistance and capacitance variation type fire detection loops, a fire alarm is initiated by a temperature increase detected at any isolated point of the loops or else generally on all the loops. Aerocons solution includes complete support for the entire scope of the modification, including. By measuring the reflected energy as a function of position and time. Engine fire detection systems part one flight mechanic.
Of course then it only takes that loop to detect a fire for a fire warning to be initiated. An inspection and maintenance program for all types of continuousloop systems should include the following visual checks. Large commercial aircraft almost exclusively use continuous thermal sensing elements for powerplant protection, since. The detector element consists of a sealed, stainless steel tube filled with a material that absorbs gas when it is cool and releases it when it is heated. When a bimetallic strip is used as a switch in a fire detection loop, a fire alarm is triggered after a delay. The switch is used to select a, both or b loop detection. Kidde offers you varying options to protect your aircraft effectively against fire. Many older model aircraft still operating have some type of thermal switch system or thermocouple system. The fcom mentions various fire detection loop failures. The integrity of the continuousloop fire detection system may be tested by actuating a test switch in the flight deck, which switches one end of the sensing element loop from its control circuit to a test circuit, built into the control unit, that simulates the sensing element resistance change due to fire. This fully functional fire detection and extinguishing system incorporates the continuous loop and spot detectors with corresponding controls, indication, and test circuits. Fire detector typs aircraft maintenance engineering. A different method of fire detection uses a continuous loop device.
However if a loop has a fault you can electrically isolate that loop and fly, for a limited period, on a single loop. Thermocouple fire warning system operates on an entirely different. Fire protection systems are installed on aircraft to detect and protect against an outbreak of. These elements are slender iconel tube packet with thermally sensitive eutectic salt and a nickel wire center conductor. Oct 05, 2018 so called spot fire detection systems refer to systems where overheat conditions are monitored at a specific point in a compartment or lru bay.
The multiengine fenwal spot detector system and the continuous loop detector system are available with multiple configurations and extinguishing options. Heat detection in a landing gear bay is likely to require recycling of the landing gear to facilitate airflow cooling of brake units. A fire warning is given when both loops reach the proper overheat condition. These include what is called a continuous loop system, which works to provide a more complete area of coverage. The detector elements of the fire or overheat detection system are configured to form two redundant loops, with each detector loop monitored by a separate control card or a controller. Fire detectionoverheat systems aircraft fire protection. Engine fire detection dualloop fire and overheat detection systems are in each engine area. Engine fire protection has two components, detection and extinguishing. If one loop is inoperative, then the system may be set to operate on the operative loop. Two common types used are spot detectors and continuously loop systems. The central electrode of the fire wire is connected to a charging and measuring unit. Feb 23, 2012 the loop is routed and clamped around a firezone as required. The two wires inside of the loop are separated with an insulating material called a thermistor. Kidde became the industry leader in aircraft protection.
One of the wires is connected to a ground, and the other wire is connected to the aircrafts fire detection control unit. Several different types of fire detection system are installed in aircraft to detect engine fires. Wiring system of thermocouple units divide into detector circuit, alarm circuit and. Continuousloop detector, or sensing system, permits more complete coverage of a fire hazard area. Determine length of sensing element loop noting that elements are available in any length from 18 inches to 15.